Question 3.

The word "paradoxically" has been used by the author to indicate the two contradictory characteristics mentioned in the statement. 

Option A: This option states the exact opposite conclusion mentioned in the passage. As per the passage, penguins keep their plumage colder to keep their body warmer. Hence A is incorrect.

Option B: It has been mentioned that the penguins lose heat through radiation and gain heat through convection. Hence B is incorrect.

Option C: Although this statement is true, it does not contain self-contradictory parts. It has been mentioned that the heat loss and heat gain happen through the given processes but one has no relation to the other. Hence C is not the answer.

Option D: This statement combines two contradictory qualities. The penguins are keeping their plumage colder, which is responsible for the heat gain from the surrounding air and making their body warmer. Hence D is the answer.