Question 22.

Option B is the correct answer. 

Option B would invalidate the main argument because it directly addresses the issue raised in the passage, i.e., the lack of permanent access to digital content. The passage highlights concerns about the temporary and restricted nature of digital ownership. If studios and streaming services committed to providing perpetual and platform-independent access, it would resolve the problem of content being removed or restricted, making the author's argument about the instability of digital media irrelevant.

Option A: This would not invalidate the argument because the passage mentions that Blu-ray discs have a theoretical shelf life but acknowledges that their durability depends on storage conditions and the availability of playback equipment.

Option C: This option doesn't directly invalidate the argument either. While VPNs might help users bypass geo-restrictions, it doesn't address the broader issue of digital ownership and the fragility of digital rights, especially the fear of losing access to content due to different rights agreements. The passage focuses on the unreliability and restrictions of digital ownership, not just geographical access.

Option D: While this option touches on the potential for preserving digital content, it doesn't directly address the problem raised in the passage: the lack of permanent, independent access to content.