Question 8.

Option C is the correct answer.

The author critiques Schiller for focusing on the direct relationship between emotions, perceptions, and behaviour while excluding the mediating role of institutions such as political parties, media organizations, and lobby groups. The passage states that these institutions historically played a vital role in framing perceptions and legitimizing interests, which Schiller’s narrative leaves out.

Option A: The passage suggests that media and politics are key intermediaries in shaping perceptions and behaviour and not a marginal role.

Option B: The passage does not suggest that Shiller actively denigrates or diminishes the role of institutions. The issue is his omission of institutions, not his critique of their importance.

Option D: The passage mentions that storytelling is part of Schiller’s approach but does not critique him for relying excessively on it. The critique is about the exclusion of institutions, not the use of storytelling.