Question 11.

{We begin with the emergence of the philosophy of the social sciences as an arena of thought and as a set of social institutions. The two characterisations overlap but are not congruent. Academic disciplines are social institutions. . .}

In the first paragraph of the passage, the two "characterisations" that are seen as overlapping but not congruent are the philosophy of the social sciences as an arena of thought [academic discipline] and as a set of social institutions.  The author suggests that these two characterizations overlap in the sense that they both involve the study of social phenomena, but they are not congruent because the philosophy of the social sciences is a field of study that encompasses a broad range of ideas and theories, while social institutions are specific structures that organize and coordinate social action. Although they are related, they are not identical and can be understood as distinct but overlapping aspects of the social sciences. Option D correctly represents the above.