Question 26.
Based on the passage, which of the following will the defenders of affirmative action identify as the main problem in the implementation of the meritocratic system?
A
Meritocratic system does not acknowledge the initial disadvantages in opportunities.
B
Meritocratic system supports those having hereditary privileges.
C
Meritocratic system rewards individuals based on the outcome they produce.
D
Meritocratic system intentionally favours the rich.
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The passage explicitly mentions that defenders of affirmative action argue that such policies are necessary to make equality of opportunity a reality for groups that have suffered discrimination or disadvantage. This suggests that they see the meritocratic system as failing to account for initial disadvantages faced by certain groups, which prevents genuine equality of opportunity. Option A aligns with this idea the most.
The points presented in the other choices are either tangential or inconsistent with the view of those defending affirmative action. For example, though hereditary privilege is criticized in the passage (Option B), it is not the primary focus of affirmative action defenders. Similarly, structural bias may play a role in the criticism of meritocracy (Option E), but defenders of affirmative action emphasize addressing initial disadvantages, making Option A the more precise answer. Options C and D are not implied in the passage: there is no focus on meritocracy being based on outcomes or on meritocratic systems intentionally favouring the rich.
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