For summary questions we must learn to pick the broader keywords and connect them together to form the summary. In this paragraph the author uses two broad keywords “genetic theory and metabolic theory. The genetic theory was successful because of the diversity of genetic models, and the same might happen for metabolic theory, which would provide a conceptual foundation for much of ecology.” The contrast in choice 2 makes the choice an incorrect one because the author stresses on similarity, not contrasts. Option 1 says “metabolic theory must have the wide range of theoretical models”. The word “must” makes this choice an incorrect one. The author talks about a possibility, not a necessity. Option 4 goes out it because it misses discussing the keyword “metabolic theory” and how it is compared with genetic theory. 3 is the right choice.Hence, 3 is the correct answer.

This is a very simple summary question. There are two views pertaining to the evolution of language. One view believes in sharing of factual information as the reason, whereas the other view believes in social bonding as the reason. The former being the dominant view, while the latter being the less dominant. Choice 1 does not being out this distinction. Choice 2 also misses on this comparison. Option 4 incorrectly mentions that the views were challenged by one group. There is no such thing in the passageHence, 3 is the correct answer.

This is one of the most difficult questions of this paper. There are three keywords in this paragraph: aesthetic political representation, disinterestedness and indifference. The author seems to prefer disinterestedness for aesthetic political representation. Option 1 is wrong because it inaccurately states that “aesthetic political representation constitutes of disinterestedness”. But the passage says that aesthetic political representation should be seen from the angle of disinterestedness. 3 is too short a summary and misses on the crucial word “aesthetic”. 2 and 4 are very close choices, with only a slight difference. 2 says “manifested through indifference”, while 4 says “drawing from indifference”. Now what is the difference between the two? When X is manifested through y, it is y that dominates. God is manifested through human beings, means that God is hidden within the human being and the human being dominates the outward appearance. Whereas drawing from something means, aesthetic political representation should have a tinge of disinterestedness. There is little to choose between 2 and 4, but the right choice is 4 because disinterestedness is just an outward shade which must be cultivated, but not necessarily allowed to dominate.Hence, (4) is the correct answer.

In Options 2 and 4, the word ‘subliminal’ is used, which is not used anywhere in the passage, hence these two options can be considered as out of context. The premise of the passage lies on the fact that people aren’t aware that they are being targeted, hence Option 3 is also incorrect. This makes Option 1 the correct answer because it summarizes the passage well without any discrepancies.Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

This is a medium difficulty level question, Option 1 mentions ‘all speech acts...’ this portrays certainty hence cannot be the answer. In a similar way, Option 2 mentions ‘only humans…’ hence even this needs to be eliminated. Option 4, is incomplete and hence cannot be the answer.Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

The paragraph uses logic to point out the difference between Physics and Engineering. Option 3 only talks about Engineers and ignores the other side of science, hence is not correct. Similarly, Option 1 only talks about Science and ignores Engineering. Option 4 is very specific since it only caters to one aspect of difference.Answer: 2

The passage mentions that language is a human trait and not a derived trait, hence Option 2 can be eliminated. Option 1 misses on the part of language drawing on aspects of cognition as memory, hence cannot be correct. Option 3 does not include the part of language evolving with time, and hence is not the right choice. Option 4 covers all the aspects and hence is the correct answer.Hence, the correct answer is option is 4.

The passage highlights that it's easier for hybrid organizations to attract people as compared to non-hybrid organizations. Option 2 does not even mention hybrid organizations and hence can be eliminated. Option 4 is only providing the example of 9/11 and hence cannot be the right choice for summary. Option 3 also makes use of attraction of people as an example, hence cannot be the right choice. Option 1 has to be the correct choice.Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

Here Option 3 becomes the best choice because, after reading the passage well, we know it comprises of two parts, one being the dismantling of the walls and the other of the result in relation to selfish business interest. Option 2 can be eliminated because satisfaction of workers is not a direct link to the passage. Option 1 is not the right choice because the passage revolves around the intention of companies. Option 4 is incorrect because it ignores the labour point which is important in relation to the passage.Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

The main points of the paragraph are – artificial embryo twinning is a low-tech way to make clones which is similar to the natural process that creates twins. Option 1 is incorrect as it states that twins are formed during fertilization in the natural development. However, as per the paragraph, twins are formed during the first few days of fertilization in twinning. Thus it can be negated. Option 2 also implies that the embryo splits into two identical twins during natural development while this occurs during twinning as per the paragraph. Thus option 2 is also incorrect. Option 3 implies that the natural development of identical twins is high-tech as compared to twinning which is low-tech. This is not mentioned in the paragraph and so option 3 can be negated. Option 4 correctly captures the essence of the paragraph.Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

QUESTION PALETTE